public opinion

The concept of manufacture of consent is most famously associated with the book Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky. However, the foundational ideas originate from the earlier work of journalist Walter Lippmann

Walter Lippmann’s Contribution:

• In his 1922 book “Public Opinion,” Lippmann explored the role of public opinion in a complex, modern society
• He argued that the average citizen’s understanding of complex issues is limited, and that public opinion is therefore susceptible to manipulation
• He used the phrase, and discussed the concept of, the “manufacture of consent” to describe how public opinion could be shaped and directed, often by elites
• Lippmann’s view was that because the world was so complex, that specialized people and institutions were needed to interpret the world for the general public
• He was concerned about the publics ability to accurately understand the world around them

• Herman and Chomsky’s 1988 book builds upon Lippmann’s work, developing a propaganda model to explain how mass media filters information and shapes public opinion in support of dominant interests
• They argue that the media, through various filters such as ownership, advertising, and reliance on official sources, manufactures consent by presenting a biased and limited view of the world
• They expanded upon Lippman’s work by giving a model of how the manufacture of consent is accomplished

interview   is not   interrogation

Public Opinion –   Walter Lippmann, 1922

• Public Opinion – Walter Lippmann 1922
• Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky 1995
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