The concepts of signifier and signified are crucial to semiotics – the study of signs and symbols and were popularized by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure. They represent the two inseparable mental parts that make up a sign:
| Component | Definition | Example |
| Signifier | The physical form of the sign. It is what can be seen, heard, touched, or smelled. This is the material or perceptually sensible element that conveys the meaning. | The sound pattern or the written word COGNITION |
| Signified | The mental concept or idea to which the signifier refers. It is the meaning evoked by the physical form. | The concept encompassing the mental processes of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses—the abstract idea of COGNITION |
The Transcendental Signified is the concept of a fixed, ultimate, absolute, and elemental meaning that is believed to exist outside of language and anchors an entire system of thought.
In traditional Western metaphysics, often called logocentrism, this central concept provides stability, truth, and certainty, supposedly transcending the arbitrary nature of all other signs, signifiers and signifieds:
acts as the center of the structure of meaning. All other concepts, signs, and signifieds in the system are believed to derive their meaning by pointing back toward this one, unchangeable, absolute truth.
concepts that have historically functioned as the Transcendental Signified may include: the Logos , God, Truth, Reason, Essence, and Being
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